语义金属表面-塞纳 - yabo88官网,亚博8,亚博外围

语义金属表面有一篇文章概述了可持续方面的各种金属。写的l·威廉·塞纳,这篇文章是最初发表在《建筑季度,“向前,架构和设计杂志协会全国委员会”。

当定义一个逻辑来使用一个特定的表面材料,各种审美品质如颜色、纹理、模式和边界是通常被认为是。在我们追求到达材料执行一生和不具备隐藏成本我们孩子的未来,考虑生产和最终的复苏和回收的材料也必须扮演一个角色。建筑金属实现这些设计要求。它们是持久的和轻量级。他们可以形成,形状,穿刺,切割和加工方式只有塑料可以尝试复制。

建筑金属材料的家庭包含铝合金,铜和铜合金,黄铜和青铜,钢铁合金包括不锈钢、铅、锡、钛、锌。

这些金属有大量的完成和纹理添加颜色和接口与光不像地球上的其他物质。这些金属可以与其他金属涂层以提高其性能或审美情趣。例如,锌在镀锌的过程中通过电保护钢提供了巨大的好处。铝和钢通常是提供一个特定的颜色,添加一个屏障防止环境条件影响基础材料的性能。在这些情况下,金属行为只是一种负担得起的韧性。

不锈钢

不锈钢是自然反映。氧化不发展非常迅速,表面仍然非常光滑。紧,光滑的表面可以提高不锈钢的耐蚀性。表面抛光,长期性能就越好。在生产不锈钢,轧机厚板表面是使用强酸清洗的规模。这一过程,称为酸洗,沉重的氧化物和自由铁碳化物溶解,热板的表面。进一步降低不锈钢的厚度进行冷semi-polished卷。这些卷传授一个光滑,反光的表面光泽的金属。这个初始的光泽是所有后续完成。表面被指定为一个2 b完成。无聊的浮油也可以使用滚动开发,沉闷的表面。 These initial finishes are known as No. 2DThe more specular No. 2B finish can be further enhanced by special annealing processes. Annealing the stainless steel in a controlled atmosphere will create a mirrorlike surface known as Bright Annealed, designated as No. 2BA. The No. 2BA can be the base surface for glass bead, No. 8 and No. 9 mirror surfaces, as well as fine satin finishes. The No. 2BA will provide a consistent color and surface for the more refined surfaces.The reflective character of the various stainless-steel finishes can be divided into three categories as shown in Figure 2.4. The Reflective Finishes can be described as those that reflect light similar to a mirror. A bright light will reflect as a "hot spot." The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Very little scattering of light occurs. The No. 9 finish is the equivalent to a mirror on one scale while the No. 2B finish is somewhat smoky.Disturbing the even reflective surfaces with minute surface fractures or indentations, which scatter the reflected light slightly, produces the Diffused Reflective Finishes. Because these finishes are typically applied over the Reflective Finishes, they possess a brightness, an almost glowing behavior when in strong light.The Low Reflective Finishes possess a dull reflection. Light is effectively scattered by the rough surface. and these surfaces appear flat in most light.Because of its chrome content stainless steel reflects 49 percent of the visible wavelength of light. It is much more heavily weighted toward the blue wavelength and captures well the tone of the sky. On cloudy days, stainless steel will appear with very little luster. This is due in part to the scattering effect of the clouds, which reduces the blue segment of the wavelength of light reaching the stainless-steel surface.Because of the specular nature of stainless steel surfaces, slight variations in plane can affect the relative color. Moving around the surface changes the angle of view from one surface of a plate or panel relative to another. The more direct the reflection, the lighter the color. The panel that is slightly askew will appear darker in strong light. A stainless-steel surface can look dark from one angle of view, then light in color from a different angle of view. The difference can be only a few degrees out of plane. This faceted reflection is common in stainless steel thin-plate surfaces. This is also why "oil-canning" tendencies are greater in reflective metals such as stainless steel. The relative high and low points in a stainless-steel surface reflect light back to the viewer at varying angles, which create apparent visual distortions in the surface.When fabricated and installed correctly, the reflection is not distorted by the undulating surface. Light washes over the diffused reflective surface in straight lines. The mirror reflective surfaces show straight lines as straight images and not curved images.Stainless-steel surfaces, particularly the diffused finishes such as No. 4 satin, angel hair, and glass-bead-blast surfaces, reflect the colors and shadows of the surrounding environment, but in a more scattered, subdued fashion. Visual defects such as chatter are more visible in reflective stainless-steel surfaces than in most other materials. Chatter defects are caused when the polishing belts slip during the application of the finish. Whether the finish is a linear satin finish, such as a No. 4 or No. 3, or a mirror finish, slight reflective differences caused by the slipping of the polishing belts will create a series of visual lines of distorted reflection. The viewer cannot feel the distortion, but it is apparent when viewing the surface at an acute angle. These distortions are not repairable.

不锈钢、钛和铝在较小程度上,以不变的表面化学。他们与周围环境发生反应,在大多数情况下,速度非常慢。他们的氧化物表面迅速发展和抵御额外攻击。其他金属,如铜和铜合金、锌、和耐候钢合金暴露与周围的环境做出反应。这些金属结合空气中的物质和发展非常顽强的表面氧化物。这些氧化物增强金属的外观和提供极其不受障碍。的障碍非常接近惰性矿物在自然界发现的形式。

这些无机表面涂层,俗称绿锈,开发金属暴露在外部的污染物如二氧化碳、氯和硫。当你想想看,铜屋顶是消除大气中的二氧化碳和硫和捕获在惰性无机化合物在金属表面形成的。

体系结构中使用的金属最终将不会在未来废物堆,因为他们拥有的内在价值。全球金属回收业务是一个强劲的行业雇佣成千上万的人。没有其他材料用于建筑是如此彻底夺回,比金属回收反复使用。采矿和金属的浓度周围的环境问题是有效的,但往往是断章取义。在业内正在努力解决长期影响金属的开采与加工。回收的金属降低了需要开采和加工回收的材料消耗更少的能源。铝回收利用,例如,已成为一个实质性的辅助业务。

减少对环境的破坏引起的矿山、回收绕过大矿石精炼成本。铝提纯需要大量的电力,每吨约20000千瓦小时的铝精炼。大多数小城镇使用电力每年低于铝细化每天使用。废铝回收行业声称回收铝节省每年8000万吨的温室气体排放。

在加州de Young博物馆是由铜、和最终会变成一个绿色的光泽。公司照片©a .塞纳。亚博app 手机客户端下载

其他金属的也是如此。超过80%的铜用于创建在德年轻美丽的外表在旧金山艺术博物馆是来自回收的废金属,重塑,变成铜片。每个穿孔和剪切边缘遗留下来的过程创建复杂的电池板收集和回收加工设施。

铜

*虽然我们不提供供应只有床单unpatinated铜,我们很高兴定制制造基于您的项目的需要。我们有选择性地与供应商合作提供最高质量的材料可用在许多大小和厚度。详情请致电。铜is a malleable and ductile metal with high thermal conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color, which will quickly patinate under normal conditions.New copper can look as if it is on fire in low twilight, when the red wavelength of light is more prevalent. The surface of new copper is specular, moderately polished from the cold rolling process, imparting a burnishing effect on the copper. Like gold, copper absorbs most strongly on the red region of the light spectrum, hence reflect more intensely on the red scale. Thus, cloudy days have only a minor effect on the reflected light from gold and copper surfaces.Eventually, the surface of copper will oxidize and decrease in reflectivity, giving way to earthy tones of a dark matte, surface. After several years, the appearance will show signs of green verdigris in its crevices, and may completely turn green over the course of decades.

铜无限循环的生活。它可以反复使用。如果德年轻被拆除,有一点可以肯定表面会回收,用于下一个伟大的博物馆外观。你能说其他的建筑材料吗?没有明显的回收努力进行了石头,混凝土、玻璃、玻璃纤维或橡胶膜。木材和砖有水平的二次回收潜力但不进行任何与铝的无限循环能力,铜、钢、钛和锌。

金属可在多种形式旨在利用固有的性格只有金属拥有。可以卷成极薄的金属表,即使衬托,方向属性,如谷物,抗拉强度和延性。即使在这些薄的形式,耐腐蚀性能不妥协。当正确地组装,薄皮的金属可以分发的强调,发展环境条件的变化而不影响长期行为。创建表面薄薄的金属可以优化材料使用量,同时实现非常灵活,但耐用,轻量级的附件。这个属性的金属飞机和汽车的原因是笼罩在金属皮。

对复杂的建筑表面,金属提供类似的优于其他材料。金属屋面一直是一个轻量级的铺装材料,提供了保护环境。同时,金属可以是一个重要的设计元素用于定义建筑几何,建立审美形象。

技术进步在制造过程中已经薄柔性的金属和为建筑创造了惊人的错综复杂的墙壁表面。射孔,冲压成形的金属为设计师提供了一个视觉和触觉界面提供他的当事人和公众体验。结合形状和纹理不再是一个重要的“艺术”。

薄,廉价的金属表面附上建筑几何和能提供一生的性能几乎没有维护。常见的手段实现金属表面组装小元素由不同的术语称为皮肤、磁带或带状疱疹。这些薄,灵活的元素允许复杂的表面被封闭在不影响金属的长期性能。每瓦就像一个规模在一个鱼,重叠并参与到临近的瓦。强调不过去发布的下一个面板,但在每一个优势。

薄表面有效工作,密切关注边缘是必要的。边缘是眼睛捕捉和大多数不一致会表现的边界。他们可以破坏外观,让水分进入后面的金属表面,并添加不必要的杂物的整体外观。当执行熟练,边缘定义表面几何和允许应力的控制和分布和水分。

倾向于应用覆盖重叠的边缘密封胶的关节。它更便宜,更快,在大多数情况下,它将阻止水分,但它会影响美观。它需要调整和重新封装在某种程度上,经常可以在执行的功能更少的情感保持空气和水进入后面的墙壁表面。它可以像补丁在一个晴朗的西装。把钱花在布但雇佣一个不太熟练的裁缝组装诉讼。

首席执行官威廉l .塞纳/ a .塞纳公司的总裁,该公司曾与许多世界领先的建筑师,包括弗兰克亚博app 手机客户端下载·盖里,安东尼Predock,赫尔佐格和德梅隆和安藤忠雄。他导致了高的简介项目使用金属作为主要建筑材料,包括毕尔巴鄂的古根海姆博物馆,西班牙,体验音乐项目在西雅图和de young博物馆在旧金山。

注:

1。复合材料,结合金属和塑料芯目前不回收。因此,当使用寿命到期,他们被发送到垃圾填埋场,一个真正的浪费金属。
2。回收铝使用不到4%的铝精炼过程中所需的能量。预计到2020年将超过3000万吨的铝回收废品。这相当于18年的初级生产。来源:回收废弃的产业。
3所示。不包括铜线通常是由精铜矿石,铜的75%以上用于铸件、床单、黄铜和青铜工作是可回收的。来源:Copper.org